Circadian rhythm by organs and systems, genes and ways to obtain them

The circadian rhythm, which is the internal biological clock that controls physiological functions over a 24-hour cycle, affects various systems and organs in the human body. Here I give you an approximate breakdown of some of these rhythms. It's important to note that these times are approximate and may vary among individuals:

Digestive System

• Highest gastric activity: 12 p.m. - 6 p.m.
• Highest intestinal motility: 6 a.m. - 8 a.m.

Liver

• Detoxification and cellular repair: 1 a.m. - 3 a.m.

Kidneys

• Filtration and purification: 5 p.m. - 7 p.m.

Lungs

• Highest efficiency in gas exchange: 3 a.m. - 5 a.m.

Heart

• Lowest workload: 3 a.m. - 5 a.m.

Central Nervous System

• Highest alertness: 10 a.m. - 12 p.m.

Muscles

• Highest strength and agility: 5 p.m. - 7 p.m.

Hormonal System

• Melatonin production: 9 p.m. - 9 a.m.
• Cortisol production: 6 a.m. - 8 a.m.

Immune System

• Highest release of immune system cells: Early in the night.

Metabolism

• Highest metabolic rate: 4 p.m. - 6 p.m.

Body Temperature

• Highest: 4 p.m. - 6 p.m.
• Lowest: 3 a.m. - 5 a.m.

These circadian patterns are mostly synchronized by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which receives information from ambient light through the retina. However, it is essential to note that these are generalized values and may vary depending on the individual, their lifestyle, their health status, and other factors.

The Circadian Rhythm: A Complex Phenomenon

The circadian rhythm is a complex phenomenon controlled by several genes and their protein products, which interact in a feedback loop to maintain a cycle of approximately 24 hours. Some of the most studied genes in relation to circadian rhythms in mammals include:

• CLOCK (Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput): This gene is located on chromosome 4 in humans.

• BMAL1 (Brain and Muscle ARNT-Like 1): This gene is located on chromosome 11 in humans.

• PER1, PER2, PER3 (Period circadian protein homolog): The PER genes are located on chromosomes 17, 2, and 1, respectively.

• CRY1, CRY2 (Cryptochrome): The CRY genes are located on chromosomes 12 and 11, respectively.

These genes and others work together to maintain the body's circadian rhythms, and their interactions are the subject of intense study. It's crucial to understand that circadian rhythms are a systemic phenomenon involving complex interactions among multiple organs, tissues, and systems in the body, each of which may have its own local circadian clock.

It's important to remember that knowledge in this field is constantly evolving, and ongoing research could discover new players and mechanisms in the future.

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